The following step/by/step procedure explains how the grade refusal works with regards to a single course or an integrated course:
SINGLE COURSES
1.1 After exam results are communicated to the students by the instructor, the instructor records the outcome in AlmaEsami. Normally, this takes place within one week.
1.2 In line with the University of Bologna's "Regolamento Didattico di Ateneo" , a student who has passed the examination for a single course may refuse the grade on one occasion only and retake the examination at a subsequent session. The request to refuse a grade must be sent by email to the instructor before the grade is formally recorded in AlmaEsami. In such a scenario, the grade is entered in AlmaEsami as "rifiutato".
INTEGRATED COURSES (I.C.)
2.1 For integrated courses, the final grade is only calculated once all exams on the integrated course have been passed (a minimum of 18 must be acquired in each module). The final grade is the average of the grades obtained in the individual modules.
2.2 The entry of the final grade in AlmaEsami is made only once all modules have been passed. For each course which comprises the integrated course, a student may refuse the grade on one occasion only and retake the examination at a subsequent session. The procedure for refusal of a grade is as stated in paragraph 1.2 above. However, for integrated courses, no 'rifiutato' entry is recorded in AlmaEsami.