Expected learning outcomes

6264 - Medicine and Surgery

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING

Graduates with the second cycle/two-year master’s degree in Medicine and Surgery are able to: - recognise the morphological, biochemical, physiological, psychological and social prerequisites that determine the health and disease status of individuals and populations, also from the perspective of sex/gender and biocultural diversity; - recognise the causes, pathophysiological mechanisms and the diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative approaches of the main diseases; - understand scientific methods, including principles relating to the measurement of biological functions, the critical evaluation of evidence and data analysis; - understand the methods of clinical experimentation, the principles of evidence-based medicine and the tools for scientific updating; - define the organisation of national and international healthcare and the ethical, deontological and medico-legal aspects of the medical profession; - understand the complexity of the factors influencing health, including those related to sexual identity, lifestyles, social determinants and gender inequalities; - integrate advanced knowledge of the basic, biomedical, clinical, surgical and social sciences necessary for understanding and managing health and disease conditions, adopting a holistic and integrated approach to the person; - connect and apply the knowledge acquired to interpret clinical phenomena and health needs from a global health, fairness and sustainability perspective.

 

ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING

Graduates with the second cycle/two-year master’s degree in Medicine and Surgery are able to: - apply the knowledge acquired to develop strategies aimed at ensuring high-quality, safe and person-centred care, in full respect of professional values and individual and cultural diversity; - evaluate a patient’s state of health, also in connection with lifestyle and any congenital or environmental risk factors, suggesting appropriate disease prevention approaches from a sex-/gender-specific perspective; - treat the most common diseases with appropriate therapies, from a sex-/gender-specific perspective, and refer patients to specialist diagnostic and therapeutic approaches when necessary; - detect and critically evaluate, from a clinical standpoint and with an integrated view of the person, the data relating to the health and disease status of the individual, interpreting them in the light of basic scientific knowledge, pathophysiology and organ and system diseases; - apply advanced knowledge of clinical and surgical disciplines, together with skills, experience and self-assessment abilities, to address and responsibly resolve priority health problems from a preventive, diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative perspective; - use the best scientific evidence in decision-making, integrating it with the patient’s values and preferences, the social and cultural contexts and availability of resources; - use scientific knowledge and innovative technologies in prevention, diagnosis and treatment processes, also from a global health and international health cooperation perspective; - implement a multidisciplinary and integrated approach to the patient; - collaborate with other healthcare professionals in the management of complex patients. Graduates develop the knowledge and the ability to apply the knowledge they acquired during lectures, through individual study, interdisciplinary seminars, e-learning, small-group teaching, practical and clinical simulation laboratories, practical sessions, discussion of clinical cases, and professional training activities in clinical settings. The teaching approach is also interactive, so that students play an active role in the process of learning knowledge and clinical reasoning, while simultaneously improving their knowledge of English, which is used as the language of instruction. Knowledge acquisition will be assessed through written or oral exams, evaluation of practical work and the dissertation. In addition, some progress tests may be provided in itinere, allowing students to self-assess their level of learning in preparation for the summative assessments.

 

INDEPENDENT JUDGEMENT

Graduates with the second cycle/two-year master’s degree in Medicine and Surgery have acquired the abilities to: - develop the knowledge acquired in order to provide high-quality, safe and patient-centred care, in compliance with professional values and individual and cultural differences; - independently acquire and interpret the relevant data to solve both simple and complex problems, related to the professional context; - develop independent clinical and scientific judgements, based on a critical analysis of the available evidence, risk factors and individual and collective conditions; - formulate judgements when the available information is insufficient for reasons linked to the technical and scientific development of medicine. - evaluate the scientific and ethical soundness of innovative medical approaches and new technologies applied to medicine; - develop ethical and deontological assessment skills, critical reflection and the management of clinical uncertainty, taking responsible decisions in compliance with the principles of fairness, justice and sustainability; - integrate one’s own clinical judgement with a holistic view of the person, including biological, psychological, sex/gender, social and cultural dimensions, also in multicultural and international contexts. Independent judgement is achieved through the completion of learning activities, seminars, laboratories, practical sessions, professional training activities in the clinical field and through the preparation of the final dissertation. The acquisition of independent judgement is assessed through the assessment of the course units in the student's individual study plan and the evaluation of the level of autonomy and abilities to work, also as part of a group, within specific learning activities that require it. In addition, important assessment opportunities include the evaluation by clinical tutors of the internship activity carried out by the student, the final examination and the related evaluation of the activity aimed at its preparation, and the independent preparation of the dissertation required to sit the final examination.

 

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Graduates with the second cycle/two-year master’s degree in Medicine and Surgery are able to: - interact, through their knowledge and skills, with the people they usually meet in their professional context i.e. colleagues, collaborators, patients and family members, also in an international and multicultural context. - express, with simplicity, clarity and the ability to summarise, orally or in writing and according to the sociocultural context of the audience concerned, any information relating to their professional activity; - present the knowledge bases and rational foundations of their judgement clearly and directly, adapting language and communication style to the cultural, social, linguistic and sex/gender characteristics of the people they are speaking with; - communicate and interact with empathy, respect and intellectual honesty both with patients, to provide the best support for decisions concerning their state of health, and with family members, to obtain informed and shared understanding of the patient’s point of view and behaviour. - communicate effectively in English with patients, colleagues and other health professionals and understand medical analyses and documentation in English; - foster the patient’s trust and their active participation in the decision-making and therapeutic process; - collaborate in an interdisciplinary and multiprofessional manner, including in international contexts, contributing to the quality and safety of care. Since the most uniform context for acquiring this knowledge is the clinical internship activity, which is characterised by a wide variability of interactive situations, the main method for assessing the acquisition of this knowledge is the oral interview. Communication skills are also assessed during the defence of the thesis.

 

LEARNING SKILLS

Graduates with the second cycle/two-year master’s degree in Medicine and Surgery have developed the abilities to: - continue studying autonomously, demonstrating self-learning abilities, critical reflection and continuous updating; - use medical-scientific information sources critically and consciously, interpreting and applying new evidence in the practice of the medical profession; - maintain and expand their knowledge and professional competences through lifelong learning, in line with the evolution of scientific knowledge, legislation and ethical and deontological standards; - contribute to the development of the medical profession through research activity, innovation and scientific dissemination, aimed at improving the quality of treatment and healthcare systems; - integrate experiences and knowledge in national and international contexts, promoting global health, health cooperation and the sustainable development of care services. The abilities acquired throughout the learning pathway are assessed through continuous evaluation during learning activities and through assessment of the capacity for self-directed learning developed during the activity related to the final examination. The learning objective referred to here constitutes, for the degree programme, the final outcome of the entire learning pathway. The acquisition of these abilities is assessed: - through written or oral exams, - through formative tests that require the presentation of independently gathered data, - through assessment of the final examination: thesis, presentation and defence of the thesis project.